Through a procedure known as nucleotide excision repair, the genetic damages caused by UV radiation are frequently repaired shortly after they are created. The lesion is recognised and excised from a section of DNA by a nuclease enzyme. After that, the ligase closes the gap and the polymerase inserts the proper bases.
- Cells are shielded from UV-induced damages by DNA repair mechanisms. Nucleotide excision repair is the most significant DNA damage repair pathway involved in the excision of damages generated by UVR (such as CPDs and 6-4 PP) (NER).
- DNA damages caused by UV radiation fall into two categories: 6-4 photoproducts and cyclobutene pyrimidine dimers . Both of these lesions cause bends or kinks in the DNA's structure, which prevents transcription and replication.
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