A = p +0.2p
We don't know the value of P, so it stays unknown.
The r is the interest rate as a decimal. we know that r = 0.04 because we're told the interest rate is 4%. Note that 4% = 4/100 = 0.04
The time in years is t = 5
So this means...
A = P + P*r*t
A = P + P*0.04*t ... replace r with 0.04
A = P + P*0.04*5 ... replace t with 5
A = P + P*0.2 ... multiply
A = P + 0.2*P ... swap term
A = p +0.2p
learn more of interest here
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