Copperplate engraving was used exclusively for book illustrations, and remained a medium restricted to the rarified world of scholarly literature.
In early printed books, woodcuts were the most popular type of illustration technique, and they are still utilized in contemporary limited edition publications. Before they were invented in Europe, relief prints had been utilized in Asia for hundreds of years. Block books, which were printed before letterpress printing in Europe [1450-55], were made from single planks of wood with the text and image carved out.
From 1460 to 1550, woodcuts were the main type of illustration used in letterpress printed books in Europe, and they were still utilized for many years after that peak. The incunabula period's most lavishly drawn book is the LIBER CHRONICARUM from 1493. By hand, using specialized knives or chisels, woodcut images are carved into wooden planks against their natural grain.
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