The acid that contains three hydrogen ions are called triprotic acid.
White solid pure anhydrous phosphoric acid melts into a viscous liquid at 42.35 degrees Celsius. Phosphoric acid, which contains three ion hydrogen atoms, acts as a triprotic acid in an aqueous solution. The hydrogen ions disappear one at a time.
H₃PO₄ (aq) ⇄ H⁺ (aq) + H₂PO₄⁻ (aq) Kₐ₁ = 7.5 × 10⁻³
H₂PO₄⁻ (aq) ⇄ H⁺ (aq) + H₂PO₄²⁻ (aq) Kₐ₂ = 6.2 × 10⁻³
HPO₄²⁻ (aq) ⇄ H⁺ (aq) + PO₄³⁻ (aq) Kₐ₃ = 7.5 × 10⁻³
The first dissociation constant of phosphoric acid indicates that it is not an especially potent acid. It is a weaker acid than hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, but stronger than acetic acid. The ease with which each subsequent dissociation stage happens decreases. As a result, H₂PO₄⁻ is a relatively weak acid but HPO₄²⁻ is an extremely weak acid.
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