Weather maps are used to predict the weather by analyzing pressure, isobars, front direction, winds, and hurricanes. Option A. high winds with heavy rains.
How to interpret a weather map?
Meteorology is determined mainly by barometric pressure, which is the pressure exerted by atmospheric air on the Earth's surface. It is measured in millibars, Mb.
Barometric pressure systems are closely associated with weather patterns, which is why it is used to create weather maps.
⇒ Pressure:
- An average pressure system at sea level ⇒ 1013 Mb.
- A high-pressure system ⇒ air descends ⇒ Good weather and few clouds ⇒ 1030 Mb.
- A low-pressure system ⇒ air ascends ⇒ Hot ascending air condense and forms clouds. Bad weather, storm probabilities ⇒ 1000 Mb.
⇒ Isobars:
Used to read barometric pressures in weather maps
These are curve lines that indicate the areas with the same barometric pressures.
They are arranged in concentric figures, one inside the other one. The smallest one indicates the pressure center.
- High-pressure center is indicated with an H
- Low-pressure center is indicated with an L
Isobars are significant when determining wind speed and direction.
⇒ Wind direction:
- In High-pressure center is indicated with clockwise arrows in the northern hemisphere
- In Low-pressure center is indicated with counterclockwise arrows in the northern hemisphere
Winds tend to move from high pressure areas to low pressure areas.
⇒ Wind speed:
The closer isobars are between each other, the stronger and faster the wind is.
⇒ Front types:
- Cold front ⇒ represented by blue lines with blue triangles pointing in the direction of the front movement. When a cold front passes by, there are high probabilities of strong winds and severe precipitations.
- Hot front ⇒ represented by red lines with red semi-circles pointing in the direction of the front movement. There is an increase in temperature as the front approximates. There might be precipitations.
- Occluded front ⇒ represented by purple lines with red semi-circles and blue triangles pointing in the direction of the front movement. It forms when a cold front overtakes a warm front. There might be storms.
There are several factors we can analyze for Florida weather.
1) There is a hurricane near Florida coming from the east. It is a low-pressure center (1000 Mb), meaning it brings strong winds.
2) Florida is surrounded by two high-pressure centers,
- One of them at north east (1024 Mb)
- The other one at the west (1020 Mb).
Since winds move from high-pressure to low-pressure areas, it means that strong winds are coming from these regions too.
3) Cold fronts are approximating from the north-west and the north-east (blue lines and triangles), meaning cold temperature, strong winds, and precipitation.
Among the options, we can predict high winds with heavy rains for Florida. Option A.
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